Update:
Please see attached file.
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Soybean aphids are a major insect pest of soybeans in North Dakota. The main goal of this research was to develop the best pest management (BPM) practices for insecticide resistant soybean aphids. Soybean aphids that are resistant to pyrethroids (bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) were detected in eastern North Dakota in 2017. Laboratory bioassays confirmed that about 70% of the soybean aphid populations tested were resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in 2017. In 2019, soybean aphids were low and present at non-economic populations in soybeans in ND. A few aphids were collected from a soybean field near Emerado in Grand Forks County for the pyrethroid resistance bioassay. Results indicated that this population was fairly resistant to bifenthrin (Trade name Brigade 2EC and generics) with 60-70% survivorship, and resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II and generics) ranged up to 50% survivorship. This suggests that the pyrethroid resistant soybean aphids are mobile and may have migrated from other resistant areas in 2019, such as south-central Minnesota where the resistance first occurred in 2015. Since pyrethroid resistant soybean aphids can vary by year and locations, screening more populations of soybean aphids in ND is key to determine their presence or absence, and their resistance status. These findings will be essential for soybean growers, so they can wisely decide which insecticide to use. Insecticide resistant soybean aphids will continue to complicate insecticide management for growers and continued research is critical.
Due to low soybean aphid populations and difficulties in obtaining the drone probe for scouting for soybean insect pests, we were not able to complete the drone work.
Our last objective was to survey for the invasive soybean gall midge, a new insect pest of soybeans. Soybean gall midge continues to increase its presence in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota from a total of 67 counties in 2018 to 93 counties in 2019. Soybean gall midge also was detected in a new state in 2019, northwest Missouri. Since its populations are increasing in our neighboring states of Minnesota and South Dakota, growers need to know if soybean gall midge is present in North Dakota. A total of 78 soybean fields were inspected for soybean gall midge in 10 counties in southeastern and east central North Dakota. Result of our 2019 soybean gall midge survey were negative for all soybean fields surveyed in North Dakota.