2014
Breeding general-use and specialty soybean varieties in Iowa
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Contributor/Checkoff:
Iowa Soybean Association
Category:
Sustainable Production
Keywords:
GeneticsGenomics
Parent Project:
Breeding program for general-use and specialty soybeans in Iowa
Lead Principal Investigator:
Walter Fehr, Iowa State University
Co-Principal Investigators:
Project Code:
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Iowa Soybean Association
(n/a)
Institution Funded:
Iowa State University
(n/a)
Brief Project Summary:

The overall goal of the project is to develop improved general-use and specialty soybean varieties for Iowa growers. The traits that are emphasized in the variety development program are increased seed yield; resistance to the soybean aphid, the soybean cyst nematode, and sudden death syndrome; improved soybean oil quality through reduction of saturated fatty acids, increasing oleic acid, and reduction of linolenic acid; high protein; large seed; absence of lipoxygenase enzymes; and modification of carbohydrate composition by increasing sucrose and reduction of raffinose and stachyose.

Unique Keywords:
#breeding & genetics, #modifying oil, #soybean breeding - composition, #soybean breeding - soy foods, #soybean composition
Information And Results
Final Project Results

The new varieties released from the breeding program in the fall of 2012 were:

IA1026 is a unique variety of maturity group I with traits that fit both the general-use and specialty markets. It is well suited for general commodity production because it has the highest yield of any public variety of its maturity and is resistant to the soybean cyst nematode. Its yellow hilum color and above average protein content make it desirable for use by soy food manufacturers. Its' oil with 1% linolenic acid has sufficient stability and shelf-life to eliminate the need for chemical hydrogenation.

IA3045RA12 is a variety of maturity group III with large seed, high protein, and resistance to the soybean aphid. It is well suited for use by growers who produce soybeans for the food industry that prefer to grow aphid-resistant varieties; and

IA3045LF is a variety of maturity group III with large seed and high protein that lacks the lipoxygenase enzymes that give the soybean seed its beany flavor. It will be used by growers who produce soybeans for consumers who find the beany flavor undesirable.

Fifteen soybean varieties were released for commercial production in November 2013. Seed of the varieties was successfully increased in Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, or Argentina for commercial planting in Iowa during 2014. All of the varieties combine high yield with unique traits for insect resistance and seed composition.

Three of the new varieties have the Rag1 and Rag2 genes that provide resistance to the soybean aphid. IA2102RA12 and IA2104RA12 are of maturity group II and IA3051RA12 and IA3053RA12 are of maturity group III. The variety IA2102RA12 also has resistance to the soybean cyst nematode.

Six of the new varieties were bred to produce an oil with improved stability and shelf life. The varieties with 75% oleic acid and 1% linolenic acid are unique because they are the first public or private ones with this oil composition to be developed with genes obtained by conventional breeding methods and not genetic engineering. Because the novel genes do not involve genetic engineering, the new varieties can be grown commercially without the federal regulatory approval required for genetically engineered traits. The varieties are IA1026HO, IA1027HO, and IA1028HO of maturity group I and IA2106HO, IA2107HO, and IA2108HO of maturity group II. In addition to its high yield and improved oil composition, IA1026HO also has resistance to the soybean cyst nematode.

The new variety IA2109 of maturity group II was developed for high yield and low saturated fat in its seed oil. The new varieties IA2104LF of maturity group II and IA3051LF lack the typical beany flavor in their seed because they do not have the lipoxygenase enzymes found in conventional soybean varieties. The varieties IA2014HS and IA3051HS are the first ones to be developed in the public sector that have improved carbohydrate composition through an increase in sucrose and a decrease in raffinose and stachyose.
The first winter crop at Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico, was planted in mid-October, crossing was carried out in early December, and the crop was harvested in January. The second winter crop was planted in early February and crossing was done in March. The second crop will be harvested in early May.

The yield tests for Iowa in 2014 were designed and packaged. There will be a total of 8,340 plots grown at nine Iowa locations. The tests include lines in the second, third, fourth, and fifth year of evaluation. Seed increases also were prepared for planting in 2014 for the 56 lines in the fourth and fifth year of testing.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.